Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 17, Issue -, Pages 1846-1860Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/4023
Keywords
AU-rich Elements; Post-Transcriptional; Mrna Stability; Translation; Alternative Splicing; Alternative Polyadenylation; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Deletion; Insertion; Diabetes; Cancer; Cardiovascular Disease; Inflammation; Osteoporosis; Mantle Cell Lymphoma; Colorectal Adenocarcinoma; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Hypercholesterolemia; Hirschsprung's Disease; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Adenylate-uridylate rich elements (AREs) in the 3'UTRs of many transiently expressed genes regulate mRNA instability and translation. Such ARE-genes are involved in vital biological processes like cellular growth, differentiation, and immunity. Defects in their expression contribute to a variety of disease conditions like cancer, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases. Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mode of regulation of AREs containing mRNAs by RNA-binding proteins, miRNAs, and signaling pathways. This review focuses on the less documented sequence variation affecting ARE functions and its relation to disease. We discuss reports describing genetic polymorphisms, alternative polyadenylation, and alternative splicing that can lead to the loss or gain of function of AREs, often with significant implications to disease.
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