Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 2408-2420Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/2854
Keywords
SNF1 protein kinase; metabolic control; stress responses; yeast; AMPK; glucose; review
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM034095, R37 GM034095, GM34095, R01 GM034095-24] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM034095, R37GM034095] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The SNF1/AMPK family of protein kinases is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is required for energy homeostasis in mammals, plants, and fungi. SNF1 protein kinase was initially identified by genetic analysis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SNF1 is required primarily for the adaptation of yeast cells to glucose limitation and for growth on carbon sources that are less preferred than glucose, but is also involved in responses to other environmental stresses. SNF1 regulates transcription of a large set of genes, modifies the activity of metabolic enzymes, and controls various nutrient-responsive cellular developmental processes. Like AMPK, SNF1 protein kinase is heterotrimeric. It is phosphorylated and activated by the upstream kinases Sak1, Tos3, and Elm1 and is inactivated by the Reg1-Glc7 protein phosphatase 1. Further regulation of SNF1 is achieved through autoinhibition and through control of its subcellular localization. Here we review the current understanding of SNF1 protein kinase pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts.
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