Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 4529-4543Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/3021
Keywords
LCMV; clone 13; virus; meningitis; immunotherapy; brain; neurons; astrocytes; immunodeficient; neonates; growth hormone; T cell; behavior; review
Categories
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI070967-01, R01 AI070967] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS041219-06, T32 NS041219] Funding Source: Medline
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Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a multitude of responses including pathology, persistence or immune clearance. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a powerful model system to explore these potential outcomes of CNS infection due to the diversity of responses that can be achieved after viral inoculation. Several factors including tropism, timing, dose and variant of LCMV in combination with the development or suppression of the corresponding immune response dictates whether lethal meningitis, chronic infection or clearance of LCMV in the CNS will occur. Importantly, the functionality and positioning of the LCMV-specific CD8(+) T cell response are critical in directing the subsequent outcome of CNS LCMV infection. Although a basic understanding of LCMV and immune interactions in the brain exists, the molecular machinery that shapes the balance between pathogenesis and clearance in the LCMV-infected CNS remains to be elucidated. This review covers the various outcomes of LCMV infection in the CNS and what is currently known about the impact of the virus itself versus the immune response in the development of disease or clearance.
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