Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 1981-1990Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/2817
Keywords
threatened abortion; progesterone; decidual NK cells; cytokines; prostaglandins; PIBF; review
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Progesterone (P) has been widely used in an attempt to prevent threatened miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage and pre-term labour. Successful pregnancy depends on maternal tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft. Along with its endocrine effects, P also acts as an immunosteroid, by controlling the bias towards a pregnancy protective immune milieu. A protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), by inducing a Th2 dominant cytokine production mediates the immunological effects of progesterone. Progesterone plays a role in uterine homing of NK cells and up-regulates HLA-G gene expression, the ligand for various NK inhibitory receptors. At high concentrations, progesterone is a potent inducer of Th2-type cytokines possible mechanisms by which progesterone contributes to the maintenance of early and late pregnancy are discussed.
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