Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 133, Issue -, Pages 88-100Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.005
Keywords
Heme; Heme trafficking; Heme transport; Nitric oxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Iron; Host-pathogen interactions
Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [ES025661, GM118744]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [MCB-1552791]
- Blanchard Professorship, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology
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Heme is an essential cofactor and signaling molecule required for virtually all aerobic life. However, excess heme is cytotoxic. Therefore, heme must be safely transported and trafficked from the site of synthesis in the mitochondria or uptake at the cell surface, to hemoproteins in most subcellular compartments. While heme synthesis and degradation are relatively well characterized, little is known about how heme is trafficked and transported throughout the cell. Herein, we review eukaryotic heme transport, trafficking, and mobilization, with a focus on factors that regulate bioavailable heme. We also highlight the role of gasotransmitters and small molecules in heme mobilization and bioavailability, and heme trafficking at the host-pathogen interface.
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