Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 50, Issue 8, Pages 907-917Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.011
Keywords
Golgi apparatus; Oxidative stress; Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis; Fragmentation; Sphingolipid metabolism; Signaling transduction; Antioxidant components; Free radicals
Funding
- College Science Foundation for doctors of China [20070533005]
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and ROS/RNS-mediated oxidative stress have well-established roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. It is generally accepted that mitochondria play an essential role in oxidative stress because they are responsible for the primary generation of superoxide radicals. Little attention, however, has been paid to the importance of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in this process. The GA is a pivotal organelle in cell metabolism and participates in modifying, sorting, and packaging macromolecules for cell secretion or use within the cell. It is inevitably involved in the process of oxidative stress, which can cause modification and damage of lipids, proteins, DNA, and other structural constituents. Here we discuss the connections between the GA and oxidative stress and highlight the role of the GA in oxidative stress-related Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis, cell apoptosis, sphingolipid metabolism, signal transduction, and antioxidation. We also provide a novel perspective on the subcellular significance of oxidative stress and its pathological implications and present GA stress as a new concept to explain the GA-specific stress response. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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