Journal
FORESTRY CHRONICLE
Volume 89, Issue 3, Pages 290-303Publisher
CANADIAN INST FORESTRY
DOI: 10.5558/tfc2013-060
Keywords
boreal forest; stand structure; cohort; multi-cohort forest management; boreal mixedwood; black spruce; forest classification; diameter distributions; tree size heterogeneity
Categories
Funding
- Ontario's Forestry Futures Trust
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
- Ontario Centres of Excellence
- NSERC
- Sustainable Forest Management Network
- Lake Abitibi Model Forest
- Canadian Forest Service
- Tembec Inc.
- KBM Resources Group Inc.
- Forest Ecosystem Science Co-op
- Forestry Research Partnership
- Canadian Institute of Forestry
- Faculty of Forestry at the University of Toronto
- Faculty of Forestry at U of T
- Ontario Graduate Scholarships in Science and Technology
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Multi-cohort forest management (MFM) is a natural disturbance emulation strategy for boreal forests that recommends a diversification of silvicultural techniques to emulate three broad successive phases of post-fire development, termed cohort classes. Here, for boreal mixedwood (n = 308) and black spruce (n = 108) stands of northeastern Ontario, we: 1) present a multivariate approach to classify the three cohort classes based on a broad set of stand structural variables related to live-tree diameters, densities, and measures of canopy stratification and 2) investigate variation in stand age, mode of stand origin (including horse-and mechanically logged and natural-origin stands), and deadwood features among the cohort classes. In both forest types, average stem diameter distributions in cohort class 1 were normally distributed, those in class 2 showed broader normal distributions, and those in class 3 showed inverse-J distributions. Mean stand age increased with cohort class, and was positively correlated with cohort class in both forest types. Overall, variation in age and deadwood features as a function of cohort class in both forest types provided strong support for developmental aspects of our cohort classifications. Previously logged stands were primarily associated with lower cohort classes, whereas natural-origin stands were strongly associated with complex cohort class 3 stand structures, especially in mixedwoods. As it is primarily the silvicultural manipulation of stand structure that has been proposed to emulate age-related multi-cohort development, our structural cohort classification approach is particularly relevant to the application of MFM in Ontario.
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