Journal
FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages 1130-1136Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT INC
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1230
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Funding
- Special Research Funds of Ghent University as a part of the project Growth Kinetics, Gene Expression and Toxin Production by Bacillus cereus in the Small Intestine [B/09036/02]
- Research Foundation Flanders (Fonds Westenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlanderen - FWO)
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Currently, three commercial kits for Bacillus cereus enterotoxins Nhe and/or Hbl detection are available, namely, the Bacillus diarrheal enterotoxin visual immunoassay (BDE VIA (TM)) kit (3M Tecra), B. cereus enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (BCET-RPLA) kit (Oxoid), and the Duopath (R) Cereus Enterotoxins (Merck). The performance of the kits and their applicability to gastrointestinal simulation samples were evaluated. Then, the stability and production of enterotoxins Hbl and Nhe under gastrointestinal conditions were investigated. Enterotoxin production was absent or impaired at acidic pH, i.e., in gastric medium with pH 5.0 and lasagne verde with pH 5.5. B. cereus did produce enterotoxins Nhe and Hbl during anaerobic growth in intestinal medium at pH 7.0, but the toxins were instantly degraded by the enzymes in the host's digestive secretions. Preformed enterotoxins did not withstand gastrointestinal passage under the simulated conditions, which suggests that preformed enterotoxins in food do not contribute to the diarrheal food poisoning syndrome. In conclusion, diarrhea is probably caused by de novo enterotoxin production by B. cereus cells located closely to the host's intestinal epithelium.
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