Journal
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Volume 45, Issue 1, Pages 232-237Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.030
Keywords
Ergothioneine; Melanosis; Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) extract; Shrimp; Melanosis-inhibiting agents
Categories
Funding
- Research and Development Projects for Application in Promoting New Policy of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
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This report investigated the melanosis-inhibiting properties of crude water soluble extract from the base and fruiting body waste of an edible mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) containing 9.13 +/- 2.03 mg/mL 2-thiol-L-histidine-betaine (ergothioneine, ESH). Immersion of live full-grown black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in a 0.5% w/v solution of mushroom extract for 1 h significantly decreased polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity in shrimp hemolymph and expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene in hemocytes. Consequently, the development of melanosis in the treated shrimp during ice storage was prevented. Treatment with a 0.05% w/v solution of sodium sulfite and 4-hexyl-1,3-benzenediol had a similar effect. Enzyme assays showed that ESH is a non-competitive inhibitor. It is proposed that ESH possibly interacts directly with Cu2+ at the putative binding sites of PPO and proPO, based on copper-chelating activity analyses, thus preventing melanosis in the shrimp. This study indicated that application of ESH-rich F. velutipes mushroom extract from trimming waste is an effective natural alternative to synthetic melanosis-inhibiting agents to prevent postmortem melanosis in shrimp. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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