Effect of microfluidization of heat-treated milk on rheology and sensory properties of reduced fat yoghurt

The effects of microfluidization at 150 MPa (MFz) and conventional homogenization at 20/5 MPa (CH) of heat-treated milk on the rheology and sensory properties of non- (0.1%) and low- (1.5%) fat stirred yoghurts were compared. Homogenization conditions clearly affected the sensory properties of reduced-fat yoghurts, but the effect was highly dependent on fat content. MFz of heat-treated milk yielded products with very different sensory profiles from the conventional yoghurts. For non-fat yoghurts, MFz of heat-treated milk enhanced the perception of buttermilk and soft cheese flavours, and natural yoghurt aroma and flavour, but also increased the intensity of undesirable mouthfeel characteristics such as chalkiness, mouth-dryness and astringency. For low-fat yoghurts, MFz significantly improved creaminess and desirable texture characteristics such as smoothness, cohesiveness, thickness, and oral and spoon viscosity. These differences in sensory profiles, especially textural properties, were partially related to rheological properties, particularly flow behaviour. MFz of heat-treated milk resulted in non-and low-fat yoghurts with higher yield stress, more pronounced hysteresis effect and higher viscosity than those of CH yoghurts of similar fat contents. These findings suggest that microfluidization may have applications for production of high-quality yoghurt with reduced-fat content. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.