Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 152, Issue -, Pages 340-348Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.158
Keywords
Juglans regia L.; Walnuts; Phenolic compounds; Ellagitannins; Orbitrap; High-resolution mass spectrometry
Funding
- California Walnut Commission
- Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) of Spain
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONACYT)
- Direccion General de Relaciones Internacionales de la Secretaria de la Educacion Publica (DGRI-SEP) from Mexico
- MICINN of Spain
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Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have demonstrated consistent benefits of walnut consumption on coronary heart disease risk and other chronic diseases. Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) have been described previously as a rich source of polyphenols with a broad array of different structures. However, an accurate screening of its complete phenolic profile is still lacking. In the present work, liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-LTQ-Orbitrap) was applied for a comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in walnuts. A total of 120 compounds, including hydrolysable and condensed tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified or tentatively identified on the base of their retention times, accurate mass measurements and subsequent mass fragmentation data, or by comparing with reference substances and literature. The peak area of each signal in mass chromatograms was used to provide semiquantitative information for comparison purposes. The most abundant ions were observed for ellagitannins, ellagic acid and its derivatives. Furthermore, the high-resolution MS analysis revealed the presence of eight polyphenols that have never been reported in walnuts: stenophyllanin C, malabathrin A, eucalbanin A, cornusiin B, heterophylliin E, pterocarinin B, reginin A and alienanin B. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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