Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 132, Issue 3, Pages 1614-1619Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.136
Keywords
NIRS; Raman; Authenticity; Feed; Oils
Funding
- Fortress Ireland project by Invest Northern Ireland
- European Commission
- Quality and Safety of Feeds and Food for Europe, QSAFFE [FP7-KBBE-2010-4, 265702]
- ASSET (ASsured SafE and Traceable Food)
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Basic vegetable blends (BVB's) and soya oils, used in the animal feed industry, are sometimes adulterated with transformer and mineral oil as a means of illegally increasing profit. A set of BVB's and soya oil samples adulterated with transformer oil and mineral oil were characterised using both NIRS and Raman spectroscopy. Applying chemometrics to the NIRS and Raman spectral data, very good calibration and prediction statistics were obtained for transformer and mineral oils. Using NIRS, R-2 values greater than 0.99 were obtained with corresponding values for root mean squared error of calibration and prediction (<0.57 and <0.55, respectively). Using Raman, R-2 values greater than 0.97 were obtained with the root mean squared error of calibration (<2.01) and prediction (<1.92) calculated. Furthermore, using a qualitative approach it was possible, using PCA, to discriminate between 100% soya and BVB. This study demonstrates that both NIRS and Raman technology can be successfully applied as rapid screening techniques for the detection of oil adulteration and fraud in the food and feed industry. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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