Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 129, Issue 4, Pages 1721-1728Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.039
Keywords
Citrus aurantium L.; Anti-inflammation; Cyclooxygenase-2; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B); Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea
- Korean government (MEST) [2009-0084454]
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family affairs, Republic of Korea [0820050]
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Citrus fruits are an abundant source of various flavonoids, which have been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Korea and China. Most flavonoids are known to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and analgesic properties. In this study, it was examined whether flavonoids (nobiletin, naringin and hesperidin) isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L inhibited the pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines by blocking nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The flavonoids suppressed mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-induced macrophages. The molecular mechanism was associated with inhibition of the degradation/phosphorylation of I-kappa B-alpha and nuclear translocation of the NF-kappa B p-65 as well as phosphorylation of MAPK by flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing expression of COX-2, iNOS and cytokines by blocking the NF-kappa B and MAPK signalling in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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