Solid-State Bioconversion of Passion Fruit Waste by White-Rot Fungi for Production of Oxidative and Hydrolytic Enzymes

Yellow passion fruit waste (YPFW) is an abundant food waste in Brazil, rich in carbohydrates. The aim of the present work was to obtain useful oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes. YPFW solid-state cultures were done using the food-grade white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Macrocybe titans, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa. Under the conditions used in this work, the main enzymes produced by the fungi were laccases, pectinases, and aryl-beta-d-glycosidases (beta-glucosidases, beta-xylosidases, and beta-galactosidases). Laccases were produced by all fungi, and in this respect, the YPFW was as good as substrate as wheat bran, the most commonly substrate used for white-rot fungi cultivation. M. titans was the best producer of pectinase in YPFW cultures, while P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius were the best producers of aryl-beta-glycosidases in both YPFW and wheat bran cultures.