Journal
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 262-270Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.865842
Keywords
pesticide residue confirmatory analysis; chromatography; mass spectrometry; QuEChERS; strawberry; soil; farming practices
Funding
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [BD/47200/2008]
- POPH/FSE (Programa Operacional Potencial Humano/Fundo Social Europeu)
- [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011] Funding Source: FCT
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This study analysed 22 strawberry and soil samples after their collection over the course of 2years to compare the residue profiles from organic farming with integrated pest management practices in Portugal. For sample preparation, we used the citrate-buffered version of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. We applied three different methods for analysis: (1) 27 pesticides were targeted using LC-MS/MS; (2) 143 were targeted using low pressure GC-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS/MS); and (3) more than 600 pesticides were screened in a targeted and untargeted approach using comprehensive, two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS). Comparison was made of the analyses using the different methods for the shared samples. The results were similar, thereby providing satisfactory confirmation of both similarly positive and negative findings. No pesticides were found in the organic-farmed samples. In samples from integrated pest management practices, nine pesticides were determined and confirmed to be present, ranging from 2 mu gkg(-1) for fluazifop-p-butyl to 50 mu gkg(-1) for fenpropathrin. Concentrations of residues in strawberries were less than European maximum residue limits.
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