Survey of 13 trace elements of toxic and nutritional significance in rice from Brazil and exposure assessment

Twenty-seven rice samples from Brazil, four parboiled brown, seventeen white and six parboiled white were analysed by ICP-MS for trace element determination. Concentrations of arsenic varied from 58.8 to 216.9 ng g-1, for cadmium from 6.0 to 20.2 ng g-1, for antimony from 0.12 to 1.28 ng g-1, and for uranium from 0.025 to 1.28 ng g-1. The estimated daily intake through rice consumption was 9.5 mu g for As, 2.4 mu g for Cd, 0.029 mu g for Sb, 0.013 mu g for U, 3.1 mu g for Co, 0.2 mu g for Cu, 85.6 mg for Mg, 1.9 mg for Mn, 333 mg for P, 3.0 mu g for Se, 1.6 mg for Zn, 0.9 mg for Rb, and 0.3 mu g for V. Found values represent a considerable percentage of the dietary reference intakes and provisional tolerable daily intake for essential and toxic elements, respectively.