Effectiveness of tori-lines for further reduction of incidental catch of seabirds in pelagic longline fisheries

To improve the performance of tori-lines (bird-scaring lines) in reducing incidental catch of large seabirds (albatrosses and giant petrels) in the pelagic longline fishery, we analyzed factors affecting the performance of tori-lines based on data collected by Japanese scientific observers in the southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii fishery from 2002 to 2005. We classified the variety of tori-lines by the main tori-line length and the streamer type. Two types of streamers were identified: type A, several long streamers made of nylon cord attached to the main tori-line by metal swivels; type B, many short streamers made of polypropylene packing bands braided into the main tori-line. In a model analysis, we found that the main tori-line length was an important factor affecting tori-line performance, and the two types of streamers had similar effectiveness. Since the light type B streamer has the advantage of practical feasibility, this type can be another option for use in tori-lines if used with a main tori-line of sufficient length.