Properties of odour plumes from natural baits

The formation of an odour trail can be broken down into a chain of events: first, the emission of the attractant from the bait, second, a turbulent mixing into the immediate surroundings and third, a downstream advection and dispersion of the attractant by the current flowing past the bait. In this work, a simple analysis of the physical processes governing the first two stages shows that the release of attractant will decline as the inverse of the square root of time. The decline curve will be similar for all solid natural baits within a realistic size range during normal soak times. Experiments were performed to measure typical diffusion constants of odour substances in fish tissue and it is shown that due to the low diffusivity just a thin surface layer will release its content of odour substances during a fishing operation using pieces of fish as bait. Moreover, the initial concentration of attractant when a plume is formed will be independent of the size of a solid bait and only depend on the ratio of the surface area to the cross-section area of the bait. To increase the maximum concentration of odour substance in the plume and utilize a given amount of bait optimally, a solid bait should be cut into smaller pieces. The effect of current speed on the initial odour concentration in the plume is strong. Due to speed variations during the soak time the effectiveness of the attraction will vary in time. To extend the analysis and develop models for optimization of the range of the olfactory signal from a bait it is necessary to know both the concentration of the attractant in the bait and the target species detection threshold. When such data become available it will be possible to estimate the range of attraction of baits under different environmental conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.