Fish-based assessment of ecological status of Finnish lakes loaded by diffuse nutrient pollution from agriculture

P>The European Union Water Framework Directive stipulates that pressures on surface waters due to diffuse loading of nutrients have to be taken into account in determination of their ecological status. A Finnish data set of fish communities in 178 lakes was used to assess the effects of agriculture-induced nutrient loads on the ecological status of lakes. The lakes were divided to reference (n = 100) and impacted sites (n = 78) based on water quality, land use and nutrient load data. Fish sampling was conducted by standardised gill net test fishing. A fish-based classification tool of the four parameters (EQR4) was applied to assess the ecological status of lakes. The parameters included were: mean total biomass of fish per gill net night, number of fish individuals per gill net night, biomass proportion of cyprinid fishes and the presence of indicator species. The analysis resulted in a median EQR4 value of 0.78 (good status) for reference lakes and 0.56 (moderate status) for affected lakes. Thus, the classification tool gave an acceptable output for different nutrient-loaded lakes.