Journal
FISH AND FISHERIES
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 65-96Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/faf.12007
Keywords
Ecosystem approach to fisheries; ecosystem services; fisheries yield; fisheries-induced evolution; impact assessment; sustainable fisheries
Categories
Funding
- European Marie Curie Research Training Network on Fisheries-induced Adaptive Changes in Exploited Stocks (FishACE) [MRTN-CT-2004-005578]
- European Specific Targeted Research Programme on Fisheries-induced Evolution (FinE) [SSP-2006-044276]
- European Community
- Adaptfish Programme
- Leibniz-Community
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (BMBF)
- Bergen Research Foundation
- Defra project on Risk Analysis for Fisheries [M1201]
- European Science Foundation
- Austrian Science Fund
- Research Council of Norway
- Strategic Research Programme on Sustainable Spatial Development of Ecosystems, Landscapes, Seas and Regions
- Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Food Quality
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF)
- Young Research Group on Social-Ecological Fisheries Research
- German Ministry on Education and Research [01UU0907]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [M1201] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25440190] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Managing fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life-history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.
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