Journal
FISH AND FISHERIES
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 182-215Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00424.x
Keywords
Adaptability; aquaculture; food security; mollusc harvests; Ocean acidification; population growth
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [ATM-0628582, SES-0949710]
- Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) Center
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Marine Policy Center
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences [949710] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human industrial activities are causing a progressive alteration of seawater chemistry, termed ocean acidification, which has decreased seawater pH and carbonate ion concentration markedly since the Industrial Revolution. Many marine organisms, like molluscs and corals, build hard shells and skeletons using carbonate ions, and they exhibit negative overall responses to ocean acidification. This adds to other chronic and acute environmental pressures and promotes shifts away from calcifier-rich communities. In this study, we examine the possible implications of ocean acidification on mollusc harvests worldwide by examining present production, consumption and export and by relating those data to present and future surface ocean chemistry forecast by a coupled climate-ocean model (Community Climate System 3.1; CCSM3). We identify the transition decade when future ocean chemistry will distinctly differ from that of today (2010), and when mollusc harvest levels similar to those of the present cannot be guaranteed if present ocean chemistry is a significant determinant of todays mollusc production. We assess nations vulnerability to ocean acidification-driven decreases in mollusc harvests by comparing nutritional and economic dependences on mollusc harvests, overall societal adaptability, and the amount of time until the transition decade. Projected transition decades for individual countries will occur 1050 years after 2010. Countries with low adaptability, high nutritional or economic dependence on molluscs, rapidly approaching transition decades or rapidly growing populations will therefore be most vulnerable to ocean acidification-driven mollusc harvest decreases. These transition decades suggest how soon nations should implement strategies, such as increased aquaculture of resilient species, to help maintain current per capita mollusc harvests.
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