Journal
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 265-272Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.002
Keywords
PACAP; PAC1-R; Grass carp; Immunoregulation; Head kidney leucocytes
Funding
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [ZYGX2010J104]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31101877, 30972280]
- Science and Technology Committee of Sichuan Province [2011FZ0007]
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In mammals, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a potent anti-inflammatory factor, showing that it inhibits the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances the production of anti-inflammatory factors. However, whether fish PACAP plays similar regulatory roles as seen in mammals remains unclear. In the present study, expression of PACAP-specific receptor PAC1-R was shown in grass carp head kidney and spleen, supporting that PACAP may have a direct effect on fish immune cells. To test this hypothesis, the immunoregulatory role of grass carp PACAP (gcPACAP) was examined in head kidney leucocytes (HKLs). Results showed that gcPACAP inhibited basal and further attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cell viability of HKLs, indicating that gcPACAP may possess similar inhibitory property at cellular level as seen in mammals. Curiously, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that gcPACAP stimulated proinflammatory factors (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) but not IL-10 mRNA expression in HKLs and head kidney. Moreover, bacterial infection and LPS enhanced IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10 mRNA expression in grass carp head kidney and HKLs, respectively, and these stimulatory effects were not influenced by gcPACAP. These findings suggest that PACAP plays distinct roles, at least does not function as an anti-inflammatory factor, in fish compared with that in mammals. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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