Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve regeneration of thin endometrium in rat

Objective: To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) treatment could improve the regeneration of endometrium and improve the endometrial receptivity in an experimental model of thin endometrium. Design: Randomized, control trial, animal research. Setting: National key laboratory. Animal(s): Sprague-Dawley rats. Intervention(s): Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation by tail vein IV injection. Main Outcome Measure(s): Endometrial thickness, the expression of mark proteins for endometrial cell, and endometrial receptivity. Result(s): The endometrium was significantly thicker and the expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, integrin alpha beta gamma 3, and leukemia inhibitor factor were significantly stronger compared with the control group. Some proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) messenger RNA (mRNA) and interleukin-1 beta mRNA, were significantly down-regulated, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as fibroblast growth factor-beta (bFGF) mRNA and interleukin-6 mRNA, were significantly up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusion(s): The BMSCs have beneficial effect on thin endometrium, and may play a role through migration and immunomodulatory of BMSCs. (C) 2014 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.