The role of peripheral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in female reproduction

Objective: To review the physiologic functions and clinical significance of peripheral GnRH receptors. Design: Literature review. All peer-reviewed journal articles published before 2010 on peripheral GnRH receptors were searched for in the Pubmed database, and relevant findings were summarized. Result(s): Peripheral GnRH/GnRH receptor systems may serve as regulators of hCG synthesis and implantation, and play crucial roles in antiproliferation and apoptosis. Currently, GnRH agonists have been used in cancer treatment and ovary protection during chemotherapy, taking advantage of the local direct effect mediated by peripheral GnRH receptors. Conclusion(s): The ubiquitous GnRH/GnRH receptor system in human tissues has been shown to have some important physiologic functions. Further research to clarify functions of these peripheral GnRH receptors may lead to discovery of new therapeutic options. (Fertil Steril (R) 2011;95:465-73. (C)2011 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)