Escherichia coli contamination of menstrual blood and effect of bacterial endotoxin on endometriosis

To test the hypothesis that bacterial contamination of menstrual blood could be a local biologic event in the development of endometriosis, menstrual blood was cultured and bacterial endotoxin was measured in menstrual blood and peritoneal fluid. Our results suggest that compared with control women, higher colony formation of Escherichia coli in menstrual blood and endotoxin levels in menstrual fluid and peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis may promote Toll-like receptor 4-mediated growth of endometriosis. (Fertil Steril (R) 2010;94:2860-3. (C) 2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)