Androgen receptor is expressed in both X- and Y-carrier human spermatozoa

Objective: To quantify the amount of AR messenger RNA (mRNA) and to analyze the presence and functionality of the AR protein in XR and Y-carrier human spermatozoa. Design: A molecular and cellular research study. Setting: Academic research clinic and laboratories. Patient(S): Ten normozooapermic volunteers. Intervention(s): Sperm were analyzed for expression of AR mRNA and protein. The functionality of AR protein was assessed after incubation with 1 nM of synthetic androgen. Main Outcome Measure(s): Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, Western immunoblotting, confocal immunofluorescence, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis were performed. Result(s); A significant amount of AR mRNA (around 30% of that found in the testis) was found in sperm. Androgen receptor protein was found in both X- and Y-carrier spermatozoa and translocates into the nucleus in the presence of synthetic androgen. Conclusion(s): A functional AR is expressed in human sperm. In view of the fact that AR protein is found in both X- anti Y-carrier spermatozoa, it. most probably is translated in earlier steps of spermatogenesis and moves to Y-carrier spermatids through the cytoplasmic bridges. (Fertil Steril (R) 2009;91:193-200. (c) 2009 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)