Journal
FERROELECTRICS
Volume 428, Issue -, Pages 116-121Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00150193.2012.675831
Keywords
Piezoelectrics; bismuth titanate; defect structure; manganese doping; high-frequency EPR
Funding
- DFG through centre of excellence [595, Er 662/1-1]
- NHMFL
- NSF [DMR-0654118]
- State of Florida
- DOE
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High-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to identify different manganese oxidation states in the 0.5 mol% MnO2-doped (100-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaTiO(3) (BNT-xBT) solid solution with x = 6. The as-sintered and air-annealed samples show two distinct EPR resonances that were assigned to Mn2+- and Mn3+ -ions, respectively, incorporated at the Ti-site. The equilibrium between acceptor-type Mn ''(Ti)- and Mn'(Ti)-states can be explained by the thermodynamic equilibration under air at the sintering temperature corresponding to [n] > [p], which yields an n-type Mn:BNT-6BT compound.
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