Journal
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 358, Issue 2, Pages 129-136Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12554
Keywords
Clostridium difficile; sporulation; spoIIIA; spoIIQ; cell-cell communication; sigma factor
Categories
Funding
- BBSRC Doctoral Training Partnership, Newcastle University (Liverpool, Durham) [BB/J014516/1]
- Newcastle University
- Royal Society [RG120487]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [Pest-C/EQB/LA0006/2011, ERA-PTG/SAU/0002/2008]
- programme IF [IF/00268/2013/CP1173/CT0006]
- MRC [MR/M000923/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [1203729] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/M000923/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [ERA-PTG/SAU/0002/2008] Funding Source: FCT
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Formation of endospores allows some bacteria to survive extreme nutrient limitation. The resulting dormant cell, the spore, persists in the environment and is highly resistant to physical and chemical stresses. During spore formation, cells divide asymmetrically and the mother cell engulfs the developing spore, encasing it within a double membrane and isolating it from the medium. Communication between mother cell and isolated forespore involves a specialised connection system that allows nurturing of the forespore and continued macromolecular synthesis, required to finalise spore maturation. Here, we review current understanding of this feeding channel formed by a forespore protein, SpoIIQ, and a mother cell protein, SpoIIIAH, in the model organism Bacillus subtilis and the important human pathogen Clostridium difficile. We also analyse the presence of this channel across endospore-forming bacteria and highlight the main questions still remaining.
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