Journal
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 323, Issue 2, Pages 164-170Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02375.x
Keywords
Streptococcus sanguinis; macrophage; cell death; reactive oxygen species
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [19209063, 20390465, 20390531, 20592398, 21792069, 21791786]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21791786, 20592398, 20390465, 23390103, 20390531, 21792069, 23592700, 23593027] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Streptococcus sanguinis, a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, is a common streptococcal species implicated in infective endocarditis. Herein, we investigated the effects of infection with S. sanguinis on foam cell formation and cell death of macrophages. Infection with S. sanguinis stimulated foam cell formation of THP-1, a human macrophage cell line. At a multiplicity of infection >100, S. sanguinis-induced cell death of the macrophages. Viable bacterial infection was required to trigger cell death because heat-inactivated S. sanguinis did not induce cell death. The production of cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-a from macrophages was also stimulated during bacterial infection. Inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in reduced cell death, suggesting an association of ROS with cell death. Furthermore, S. sanguinis-induced cell death appeared to be independent of activation of inflammasomes, because cleavage of procaspase-1 was not evident in infected macrophages.
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