Journal
FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages 63-73Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00717.x
Keywords
Candida albicans; IL-6; TLR; macrophages; farnesol; zymosan
Categories
Funding
- University of Nebraska Jessie Lee Fund
- University of Nebraska Foundation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Candida albicans causes candidiasis, secretes farnesol, and switches from yeast to hyphae to escape from macrophages after phagocytosis. However, before escape, macrophages may respond to C. albicans' pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and dectin-1 receptors by expressing cytokines involved in adaptive immunity, inflammation, and immune regulation. Therefore, macrophages and the RAW264.7 macrophage line were challenged with C. albicans preparations of live wild-type cells, heat-killed cells, a live mutant defective in hyphae formation, a live mutant producing less farnesol, or an isolate producing farnesoic acid instead of farnesol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression were evaluated by ELISA and/or qRT-PCR within 6 h after challenge. All viable strains producing farnesol, regardless of hyphae phenotype, induced IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. To determine which components of C. albicans induced IL-6, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with farnesol, farnesoic acid, with or without zymosan, a yeast cell wall preparation that contains PAMPs recognized by TLR2 and dectin-1. The highest expression of IL-6, TLR2, and dectin-1 occurred when RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with zymosan and farnesol together. Our results suggest that the rapid expression of cytokines from macrophages challenged with C. albicans is due to cell-wall PAMPs combined with farnesol.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available