Journal
FEBS LETTERS
Volume 583, Issue 2, Pages 337-344Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.028
Keywords
alpha-Toxin; Bacterial pore forming toxin; Endocytosis; Exosome; Innate defence mechanism; Staphylococcus aureus
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 490, E6, Z3]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [E6] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin is the archetype of bacterial pore forming toxins and a key virulence factor secreted by the majority of clinical isolates of S. aureus. Toxin monomers bind to target cells and oligomerize to form small beta-barrel pores in the plasma membrane. Many nucleated cells are able to repair a limited number of lesions by unknown, calcium-independent mechanisms. Here we show that cells can internalize alpha-toxin, that uptake is essential for cellular survival, and that pore-complexes are not proteolytically degraded, but returned to the extracellular milieu in the context of exosome-like structures, which we term toxosomes. (C) 2008 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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