Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 281, Issue 13, Pages 2945-2955Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/febs.12833
Keywords
connexin; diketopiperazine; lens; lipofuscin; proteasome
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Funding
- NHMRC [1008667]
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A cyclic product that forms spontaneously from peptides that contain a penultimate Asp, Asn or isoAsp residue at the N-terminus has been characterized. This 2,5-diketopiperazine derivative forms under physiological conditions and is stable, showing little degradation even following heating at 60 degrees C. A mechanism for its formation from Asn and Asp peptides is proposed that involves a succinimide or isoaspartate intermediate. A diketo-piperazine-modified peptide was also detected in human lens extracts. Since peptides that contain the diketopiperazine moiety are not readily hydrolysed by leucine aminopeptidase, it is hypothesized that proteins and peptides modified in this way in the body may not readily be digested by the normal proteolytic machinery of cells.
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