Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 281, Issue 12, Pages 2861-2870Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/febs.12826
Keywords
apoptosis; cytokine; exosome; neutral ceramidase; beta-cell
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81270898, 81360309]
- Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation [BK2011861]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province [2013GXNSFCA019012]
- Open Fund of Medical Scientific Research Center of Guangxi Medical University [KFJJ2010-49, KFJJ2011-06]
- Guangxi Distinguished Experts Special Fund
- Hundred Talents Program of Universities and Colleges Directly Under the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
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It has been reported that the effect of inflammatory cytokines on beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes is concentration-dependent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we found that a high concentration of cytokines promoted apoptosis in the rat beta-cell line INS-1, whereas a low concentration of cytokines had no effect. We also found that cytokines at a low concentration stimulated neutral ceramidase (NCDase) release via exosomes from INS-1 cells, whereas cytokines at a high concentration inhibited NCDase release. Furthermore, the results showed that the NCDase-containing exosomes isolated from the culture medium of INS-1 cells treated with cytokines at a low concentration inhibited apoptosis induced by a high concentration of cytokines. Finally, the results also showed that the protective action of NCDase in the exosomes on apoptosis was mediated by the generation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its interaction with S1P receptor 2. Taken together, these findings revealed a novel NCDase-S1P-phosphate-S1P receptor 2-dependent mechanism by which a low level of inflammatory cytokines protects pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis induced by a high level of inflammatory cytokines.
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