Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 280, Issue 9, Pages 1895-1904Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/febs.12212
Keywords
adiposomes; anandamide; cannabinoid; cellular uptake; endocannabinoid; fatty acid amide hydrolase; fatty-acid-binding proteins; membrane translocation; transport; carrier molecules; 2-arachidonoylglycerol
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Science Research council [12158]
- Swedish Cancer Society [CAN2010/437]
- Lion's Cancer Research Foundation
- Umea University
- Research Funds of the Medical Faculty, Umea University
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Endocannabinoids are readily accumulated from the extracellular space by cells. Although their uptake properties have the appearance of a process of facilitated diffusion, it is by no means clear as to whether there is a plasma membrane transporter dedicated to this task. Intracellular carrier proteins that shuttle the endocannabinoid anandamide from the plasma membrane to its intracellular targets such as the metabolic enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase, have been identified. These include proteins with other primary functions, such as fatty-acid-binding proteins and heat shock protein70, and possibly a fatty acid amide hydrolase-like anandamide transporter protein. Thus, anandamide uptake can be adequately described as a diffusion process across the plasma membrane followed by intracellular carrier-mediated transport to effector molecules, catabolic enzymes and sequestration sites, although it is recognized that different cells are likely to utilize different mechanisms of endocannabinoid transport depending upon the utility of the endocannabinoid for the cell in question.
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