Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 277, Issue 15, Pages 3097-3117Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07722.x
Keywords
bacterial RNases; gene regulation; Kid toxin and Kis antitoxin; parD operon; plasmid maintenance; plasmid R1; toxin-antitoxin systems; translation inhibition
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Funding
- Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura (Spain)
- European Commission [BIO4980106, QLK2-2000-00634]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion [CSD2008-00013, BFU 2008-01566/BMC, BFU 2008-0079-E/BMC]
- Programa de Grupos Estrategicos de la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid [COMBACT-CM, S-BIO-0260-2006]
- EC Research Infrastructures activity [RII3-026145]
- Basque Country Government [BFI2005.35]
- short-term EMBO fellowship [ASF 2006]
- FEMS
- Center for Biomedical Genetics
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Toxin-antitoxin systems, as found in bacterial plasmids and their host chromosomes, play a role in the maintenance of genetic information, as well as in the response to stress. We describe the basic biology of the parD/kiskid toxin-antitoxin system of Escherichia coli plasmid R1, with an emphasis on regulation, toxin activity, potential applications in biotechnology and its relationships with related toxin-antitoxin systems. Special reference is given to the ccd toxin-antitoxin system of plasmid F because its toxin shares structural homology with the toxin of the parD system. Inter-relations with related toxin-antitoxin systems present in the E. coli chromosome, such as the parD homologues chpA/mazEF and chpB and the relBE system, are also reviewed. The combined structural and functional information that is now available on all these systems, as well as the ongoing controversy regarding the role of the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin loci, have made this review especially timely.
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