Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 276, Issue 19, Pages 5342-5356Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07244.x
Keywords
amphibians; birds; brain; choroid plexus; eutherians; evolution; fish; gene regulation; liver; marsupials; monotremes; reptiles; thyroid hormones; transthyretin; vertebrates
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Thyroid hormones are involved in growth and development, particularly of the brain. Thus, it is imperative that these hormones get from their site of synthesis to their sites of action throughout the body and the brain. This role is fulfilled by thyroid hormone distributor proteins. Of particular interest is transthyretin, which in mammals is synthesized in the liver, choroid plexus, meninges, retinal and ciliary pigment epithelia, visceral yolk sac, placenta, pancreas and intestines, whereas the other thyroid hormone distributor proteins are synthesized only in the liver. Transthyretin is synthesized by all classes of vertebrates; however, the tissue specificity of transthyretin gene expression varies widely between classes. This review summarizes what is currently known about the evolution of transthyretin synthesis in vertebrates and presents hypotheses regarding tissue-specific synthesis of transthyretin in each vertebrate class.
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