Journal
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
Volume 171, Issue -, Pages 357-371Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00023d
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 EB-000479]
- [R01 GM-104530]
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X-Ray absorption spectromicroscopy provides rich information on the chemical organization of materials down to the nanoscale. However, interpretation of this information in studies of natural materials such as biological or environmental science specimens can be complicated by the complex mixtures of spectroscopically complicated materials present. We describe here the shortcomings that sometimes arise in previously-employed approaches such as cluster analysis, and we present a new approach based on non-negative matrix approximation (NNMA) analysis with both sparseness and cluster-similarity regularizations. In a preliminary study of the large-scale biochemical organization of human spermatozoa, NNMA analysis delivers results that nicely show the major features of spermatozoa with no physically erroneous negative weightings or thicknesses in the calculated image.
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