Effects of synthesis conditions on chemical structures and physical properties of copolyesters from lactic acid, ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate

Lactic acid/ethylene terephthalate copolyesters were synthesized by the standard melt polycondensation of lactic acid (L), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl-terephthalate (DMT). Effects of reaction temperatures and types of catalysts on the structures and properties of the copolymers were examined. In addition, feasibility of promoting the copolymerization process by a novel synthesis step of using thermo-stabilizers was investigated. The results show that a reaction temperature of higher than 180 degrees C is necessary to produce copolymers with appreciable molecular weight. However, degradation was observed when the reaction temperature is higher than 220 degrees C. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) shows promising results as a potential thermo-stabilizer to minimize this problem. It was found that Sb2O3 and Tin (II) octoate are most effective among 4 types of catalysts employed in this study. H-1-NMR results indicate that copolymers have a random microstructure composed mainly of single L units alternately linked with ET blocks at various sequential lengths. The longer ET sequence in the chain structure leads to the increase in melting temperature of the copolymer. TGA results show that the resulting copolymers possessed greater thermal stability than commercially-available aliphatic PLA, as a result of the inclusion of T (terephthalate) units in the chain structure.