Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 589-608Publisher
EXPERT REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.906309
Keywords
West Nile virus; immunocompromised; antibody; flaviviruses; neurotropic; epidemiology; vaccination; immunity
Categories
Funding
- Najit Technologies, Inc.
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [U01 AI082196, R44 AI079898, R01 AI098723]
- Oregon National Primate Research Center [8P51 OD011092-53]
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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has become endemic in the United States. From 1999-2012, there have been 37088 reported cases of WNV and 1549 deaths, resulting in a 4.2% case-fatality rate. Despite development of effective WNV vaccines for horses, there is no vaccine to prevent human WNV infection. Several vaccines have been tested in preclinical studies and to date there have been eight clinical trials, with promising results in terms of safety and induction of antiviral immunity. Although mass vaccination is unlikely to be cost effective, implementation of a targeted vaccine program may be feasible if a safe and effective vaccine can be brought to market. Further evaluation of new and advanced vaccine candidates is strongly encouraged.
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