Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 315-329Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.900447
Keywords
affinity chromatography; antivenom; antivenomics; mass spectrometry; snakebite envenoming; snake venom; venomics
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Funding
- (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), Madrid [BFU2010-17373]
- Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2010/005]
- CRUSA-CSIC [2009CR0021]
- CYTED [BIOTOX P211RT0412]
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Venom research has been continuously enhanced by technological advances. High-throughput technologies are changing the classical paradigm of hypothesis-driven research to technology-driven approaches. However, the thesis advocated in this paper is that full proteome coverage at locus-specific resolution requires integrating the best of both worlds into a protocol that includes decomplexation of the venom proteome prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry matching against a species-specific transcriptome. This approach offers the possibility of proof-checking the species-specific contig database using proteomics data. Immunoaffinity chromatography constitutes the basis of an antivenomics workflow designed to quantify the extent of cross-reactivity of antivenoms against homologous and heterologous venom toxins. In the author's view, snake venomics and antivenomics form part of a biology-driven conceptual framework to unveil the genesis and natural history of venoms, and their within- and between-species toxicological and immunological divergences and similarities. Understanding evolutionary trends across venoms represents the Rosetta Stone for generating broad-ranging polyspecific antivenoms.
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