Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 365-380Publisher
EXPERT REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.820536
Keywords
diabetes; diabetic complications; hyperglycemia; insulin resistance; O-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAcomics; proteomics
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Funding
- NIH [R01CA42486, R01DK61671, P01HL107153]
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The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of proteins by O-linked -N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is highly ubiquitous, dynamic and inducible. Protein O-GlcNAcylation serves as a key regulator of critical biological processes including transcription, translation, proteasomal degradation, signal transduction and apoptosis. Increased O-GlcNAcylation is directly linked to insulin resistance and to hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity, two hallmarks of diabetes and diabetic complications. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about protein O-GlcNAcylation and nutrient metabolism, as well as discuss the commonly used tools to probe changes of O-GlcNAcylation in cultured cells and in animal models. We then focus on some key proteins modified by O-GlcNAc, which play crucial roles in the etiology and progression of diabetes and diabetic complications. Proteomic approaches are also highlighted to provide a system view of protein O-GlcNAcylation. Finally, we discuss how aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on certain proteins may be exploited to develop methods for the early diagnosis of pre-diabetes and/or diabetes.
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