Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 513-520Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2014.900441
Keywords
IFN-gamma; primary Sjogren's syndrome; IL-1 beta; squamous metaplasia; macrophages; dry eye disease; clodronate liposome; IL-1 receptor antagonist; keratoconjunctivitis sicca
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Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands with unknown etiology. Due to recent research utilizing human subjects as well as laboratory animal models, our understanding of the pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms of pSS has made great strides. As a consequence, targeted, immune-based therapies are gaining increased attention as the ideal way to conquer autoimmune diseases like pSS. Currently, however, there is no effective treatment to target specific immunological events or effector immune cells in the pathogenesis of pSS (discussed in other reviews of the current issue). Here, we summarize our current understanding and knowledge of the roles of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of pSS. Human studies, especially utilizing salivary gland biopsies, demonstrate the infiltration of macrophages and its correlation with disease severity. Moreover, animal model studies have shown the functional involvement of macrophages in promoting the ocular component of pSS.
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