Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 507-520Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/ERI.11.27
Keywords
E5564; endotoxin; eritoran tetrasodium; sepsis; severe sepsis; TLR-4
Funding
- Eisai Medical Research
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S
- Spectral Diagnostics, Inc.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Eisai Medical Research (eritoran)
- AstraZeneca (CytoFab)
- Agennix AG (talactoferrin)
- Artisan Pharma (recombinant soluble thrombomodulin)
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The human innate immune system initiates inflammation in response to bacterial molecules, particularly Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. The steps by which endotoxin exposure leads to systemic inflammation include binding to Toll-like receptor-4 that specifically recognizes endotoxin and subsequently triggers cellular and molecular inflammatory responses. Severe sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection that induces organ dysfunction and threatens a person's survival. Severe sepsis is frequently associated with increased blood levels of endotoxin. It is a significant medical problem that effects approximately 700,000 patients every year in the USA, resulting in 250,000 deaths. Eritoran tetrasodium is a nonpathogenic analog of bacterial endotoxin that antagonizes inflammatory signaling by the immune receptor Toll-like receptor-4. Eritoran is being evaluated for the treatment of patients with severe sepsis.
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