Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: a new option in stimulant treatment for ADHD

Importance of the field: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent disorder in children and adults, presents a substantial societal burden in both monetary cost and human suffering. Characterized by significant difficulties in maintaining attention, completing tasks, motor control, and appropriate social engagement, the disorder begins early in life and results in significant impairment across domains of functioning, including social, educational, and occupational achievement. The condition also carries heightened risk of substance use and dependence, and criminal activity. Pharmacologic treatment is a key component of ADHD management and has been found to be cost effective and generally well tolerated. However, despite increasing options for medication therapy, community management of ADHD is suboptimal. This review assesses current research on lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a relatively recent addition to the range of treatment options. Areas covered in this review: This review summarizes peer-reviewed literature on LDX published 2003 - 2010. What the reader will gain: The reader will gain insight into the efficacy and safety of LDX in the treatment of ADHD, and its place in the clinical armamentarium. Take home message: LDX is a useful addition to the formulary, showing similar efficacy and safety profiles to other stimulants.