Experimental therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma

Background: The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed dramatically over the past few years. Sunitinib malate, sorafenib tosylate, bevacizumab +/- interferon-alfa, temsirolimus, and everolimus have improved clinical outcomes in randomized Phase III trials by inhibiting the VEGF and related pathways. Combinations and sequences of these agents are being evaluated. Other novel agents are in clinical development, some of which target novel pathways not yet exploited as therapy for RCC. Objective: The objective of this review on experimental agents is to provide a comprehensive overview of evolving novel therapies in development for advanced RCC. Methods: Experimental therapies were identified through review of abstracts submitted to recent meetings, and manuscripts published and indexed in Medline/PubMed databases. Results/conclusion: Several experimental agents have shown significant antitumor activity in early studies, with potential application as therapy for advanced RCC. Recently reported and ongoing clinical trials will help further define the role of these agents as therapy for metastatic RCC.