Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Volume 72, Issue 6, Pages 2545-2561Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0341.1
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Funding
- ERC [257543]
- NERC [NE/E003826]
- NERC [NE/E00525X/1, NE/L005352/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E00525X/1, NE/L005352/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- European Research Council (ERC) [257543] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Cold pool outflows, generated by downdrafts from moist convection, can generate strong winds and therefore uplift of mineral dust. These so-called haboob convective dust storms occur over all major dust source areas worldwide and contribute substantially to emissions in northern Africa, the world's largest source. Most large-scale models lack convective dust storms because they do not resolve moist convection, relying instead on convection schemes. The authors suggest a parameterization of convective dust storms to account for their contribution in such large-scale models. The parameterization is based on a simple conceptual model, in which the downdraft mass flux from the convection scheme spreads out radially in a cylindrical cold pool. The parameterization is tested with a set of Met Office Unified Model runs for June and July 2006 over West Africa. It is calibrated with a convection-permitting run and applied to a convection-parameterized run. The parameterization successfully produces the extensive area of dust-generating winds from cold pool outflows over the southern Sahara. However, this area extends farther to the east and dust-generating winds occur earlier in the day than in the convection-permitting run. These biases are caused by biases in the convection scheme. It is found that the location and timing of dust-generating winds are weakly sensitive to the parameters of the conceptual model. The results demonstrate that a simple parameterization has the potential to correct a major and long-standing limitation in global dust models.
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