Journal
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
Volume 258, Issue -, Pages 62-77Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.006
Keywords
Neuroimmunology; Nervous system; Macrophage; Neutrophil; interleukin-1; Neurodegeneration; Regeneration; Sciatic nerve; Wallerian degeneration
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-84558]
- International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia [P97]
- Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation [48, WFL-CA-006/11]
- Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec
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Injury to the nervous system causes the almost immediate release of cytokines by glial cells and neurons. These cytokines orchestrate a complex array of responses leading to microgliosis, immune cell recruitment, astrogliosis, scarring, and the clearance of cellular debris, all steps that affect neuronal survival and repair. This review will focus on cytokines released after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury and the primary signalling pathways triggered by these inflammatory mediators. Notably, the following cytokine families will be covered: IL-1, TNF, IL-6-like, TGF-beta, and IL-10. Whether interfering with cytokine signalling could lead to novel therapies will also be discussed. Finally, the review will address whether manipulating the above-mentioned cytokine families and signalling pathways could exert distinct effects in the injured spinal cord versus peripheral nerve. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
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