Journal
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
Volume 258, Issue -, Pages 112-120Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.007
Keywords
Astrocyte; Macrophage; Microglia; Neutrophil; Traumatic brain injury; Spinal cord injury; Monocyte; Secondary cell death; Translational; Anti-cd11d; Blood brain barrier; Blood spinal cord barrier; Innate; Immune; B cell; T cell; Autoimmune; Adaptive immune response; Protective autoimmunity; Alternative activation; Ly6c; Ly6g; Gr1; SUR-1
Categories
Funding
- Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Trust (KSCHIRT) Fellowship
- University of Kentucky
- Craig H. Neilsen Foundation
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The field of neuroimmunology is rapidly advancing. There is a growing appreciation for heterogeneity, both in inflammatory composition and region-specific inflammatory responses. This understanding underscores the importance of developing targeted immunomodulatory therapies for treating neurological disorders. Concerning neurotrauma, there is a dearth of publications directly comparing inflammatory responses in the brain and spinal cord after injury. The question therefore remains as to whether inflammatory cells responding to spinal cord vs. brain injury adopt similar functions and are therefore amenable to common therapies. In this review, we address this question while revisiting and modernizing the conclusions from publications that have directly compared inflammation across brain and spinal cord injuries. By examining molecular differences, anatomical variations, and inflammatory cell phenotypes between the injured brain and spinal cord, we provide insight into how neuroinflammation relates to neurotrauma and into fundamental differences between the brain and spinal cord. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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