Journal
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 10, Pages 947-957Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.08.003
Keywords
Skin aging markers; Photodamage; Keratinocyte senescence; Dead Sea minerals; Biomarker profiling
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Funding
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center
- Ministry of Science, State of Israel
- European co-operative research project [CRAF-1999-71628]
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The aging process and its characterization in keratinocytes have not been studied in depth until now. We have assessed the cellular and molecular characteristics of aged epidermal keratinocytes in monolayer cultures and in skin by measuring their morphological, fluorometric and biochemical properties. Light and electron microscopy, as well as flow cytometry, revealed increase in cell size, changes in cell shape, alterations in mitochondrial structure and cytoplasmic content with aging. We showed that the expression of 16 biochemical markers was altered in aged cultured cells and in tissues, including caspases I and 3 and beta-galactosidase activities, immunoreactivities of p16, Ki67, 20S proteasome and effectors of the Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway. Aged cells diversity, and individual variability of aging markers, call for a multifunctional assessment of the aging phenomenon, and of its modulation by drugs. As a test case, we have measured the effects of Dead Sea minerals on keratinocyte cultures and human skin, and found that they stimulate proliferation and mitochondrial activity, decrease the expression of some aging markers, and limit apoptotic damage after UVB irradiation. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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