Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 239, Issue 11, Pages 1524-1530Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1535370214523890
Keywords
Vitamin D; inflammatory bowel disease; microbiota
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Neurologic and Stroke [NS067563]
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Office of Dietary Supplements [AT005378]
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The inflammatory bowel diseases are complex diseases caused by environmental, immunological, and genetic factors. Vitamin D status is low in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and experimental inflammatory bowel diseases are more severe in vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D receptor knockout animals. Vitamin D is beneficial in inflammatory bowel diseases because it regulates multiple checkpoints and processes essential for homeostasis in the gut. Vitamin D inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-17 production while inducing regulatory T cells. In addition, vitamin D regulates epithelial cell integrity, innate immune responses, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Overall, vitamin D regulates multiple pathways that maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis. The data support improving vitamin D status in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
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